Quản Lý Năng Lượng Tái Tạo

Renewable Energy Manager: build sustainable energy systems to power cities! Design mix of renewables: (1) Solar PV (panels on roofs, solar farms - peak noon, zero night), (2) Wind turbines (offshore stronger winds but expensive, onshore cheaper), (3) Hydroelectric (reliable but location-limited, dam environmental impacts), (4) Biomass (agricultural waste → energy, carbon neutral-ish), (5) Geothermal (hot springs, volcanic areas - stable 24/7). Challenge: intermittency problem - sun doesn shine at night, wind doesn blow constantly!

Solutions: battery storage (Tesla Megapack, flow batteries), pump hydro storage (pump water uphill when excess energy, release when needed), hydrogen (electrolysis store energy, fuel cells release), grid balancing (smart grids, demand response). Economics: calculate LCOE (Levelized Cost Of Energy - solar now cheaper than coal many places!), payback periods, government subsidies (tax credits, feed-in tariffs), carbon pricing. Learn energy concepts: capacity factor (actual vs theoretical output - solar 15-25%, wind 25-45%, nuclear 90%+), peak demand (summer AC, winter heating), baseload vs peaking power.

Environmental benefits: CO2 emissions reduction, air quality improvement (no particulates from coal!), water savings (thermal plants use lots). Real-world constraints: land use (solar farms huge!), transmission lines (wind farms remote), NIMBY opposition (Not In My BackYard - wind turbines visual pollution?), intermittency backup (still need gas plants?). Country examples: Denmark 50%+ wind, Costa Rica 99% renewable, Germany Energiewende transition.

Phù hợp sustainability advocates, green tech students, future energy engineers!