Quy Hoạch Điện Gió Biển

Offshore wind: ocean renewable energy powerhouse! Wind farm planning: (1) Site selection (wind speed 7-10 m/s optimal, water depth <60m fixed-bottom or floating deeper, distance shore 10-50km balance wind/cost), (2) Turbine layout (spacing 5-10 rotor diameters prevent wake losses, optimize power density), (3) Foundation design (monopile, jacket, gravity-based, floating platforms), (4) Grid connection (subsea cables HVDC long distance, onshore substations), (5) Environmental assessment (birds migration routes, marine mammals, fishing grounds). Technology: modern turbines 8-15 MW (offshore Haliade-X 13MW giant!), capacity factor 40-50% (better than onshore 25-35%), floating wind (deep water Japan, Scotland).

Economics: LCOE $50-100/MWh (competitive!), CapEx $2-4M per MW (expensive but improving), 25+ year lifetime. Challenges: marine construction (jack-up vessels $500K/day!), maintenance (offshore difficult, drones inspection), typhoons/hurricanes (Vietnam concern structural design), grid integration (variable output needs storage/flexible grid). Vietnam potential: 3260km coastline, 475 GW capacity estimated (160x current demand!), Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan provinces windy.

Global leaders: UK (world largest installed), Denmark (50%+ electricity from wind), China (rapid expansion). Climate solution: offshore wind = clean baseload (better than solar intermittency), zero emissions, massive scale potential. Build clean energy future!