Mô Phỏng Tự Động Hóa Nhà Máy

Industry 4.0: smart factories transform manufacturing! Automation systems: (1) Industrial IoT sensors (vibration, temperature, pressure real-time monitoring 1000+ points), (2) PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers - Siemens, Allen-Bradley control machinery), (3) SCADA (Supervisory Control visualization dashboards), (4) Robot arms (ABB, KUKA, Fanuc assembly/welding/pick-place), (5) AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles transport materials), (6) Computer vision (quality inspection detect defects 99.9% accuracy!). Digital twin: virtual replica factory (simulate changes before deploy, optimize production).

Predictive maintenance: ML models predict failures days ahead (vibration analysis, thermal patterns prevent downtime costs $260K/hour automotive!). OEE optimization (Overall Equipment Effectiveness = Availability x Performance x Quality): world-class 85%+, average 60%, smart factories 75-90%. MES integration (Manufacturing Execution System track orders real-time, paperless).

Challenges: legacy equipment (brownfield vs. greenfield), cybersecurity (Stuxnet industrial malware real threat!), workforce training (technicians need new skills), ROI justification ($10M+ investments). Real deployments: Tesla Gigafactory (90% automated), Siemens Amberg (99.99885% quality digital plant!), Foxconn (China lights-out factories). Vietnam manufacturing: textiles, electronics, furniture - automation competitive necessity (rising wages, quality demands).

Future: collaborative robots (cobots safe humans), 5G connectivity (ultra-low latency), AI optimization (self-learning systems). Build smart factory future!