Mạng Lưới Sạc Xe Điện

Build the EV charging infrastructure of tomorrow! Design network: (1) Location planning (traffic data, density maps, compete with gas stations), (2) Charger types (Level 1: 120V 2-5 miles/hr home, Level 2: 240V 10-20 miles/hr public, DC Fast: 80% in 20-30 min highway), (3) Load balancing (smart grid prevents blackouts, time-of-use pricing off-peak cheaper), (4) Payment systems (apps, RFID, credit card), (5) Renewable integration (solar canopies, battery storage). Business model: subscription vs. pay-per-use, charging speed pricing (fast = premium), partnerships (retail stores, hotels).

Technical challenges: grid capacity (EV adoption stresses transformers), standardization (Tesla NACS vs. CCS vs. CHAdeMO connectors war ending - NACS winning!), battery degradation (fast charging heat damages cells), user experience (app reliability, cable management, weather protection).

Real networks: Tesla Supercharger (15K+ globally, exclusive but opening), Electrify America (VW dieselgate investment $2B), ChargePoint, EVgo. Range anxiety solution: 350kW ultra-fast (200 miles in 10 min!), wireless charging roads (dynamic), battery swap (NIO China 5 min). Economics: installation cost $50K-200K per fast charger, utilization rates low now (5-10%) but growing.

Policy: government incentives, mandates (CA requires chargers in new buildings). Career: electrical engineer, energy analyst, urban planner, software. Electrify transportation!